See calcifier on Wiktionary
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"ref": "2014, Elizabeth Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, Picador, →ISBN, page 121:",
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish calcify\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzijos\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -āriusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\nEnglish -er\nEnglish calcifier\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"nom.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Nominalization of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āzijos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"nominalization\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ārijaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ārī\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-ere\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ere\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"calcifier\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"calcifier\">\nFrom calcify + -er.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish calcify\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzijos\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -āriusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\nEnglish -er\nEnglish calcifier\nFrom calcify + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calcifiers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "calcifier (plural calcifiers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries referencing missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)",
"English terms with quotations",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
36
]
],
"ref": "2014, Elizabeth Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, Picador, →ISBN, page 121:",
"text": "Many species of coral are calcifiers; this is how they construct the towering structures that become reefs.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Something which calcifies; an agent of calcification."
],
"links": [
[
"calcifies",
"calcifies"
],
[
"calcification",
"calcification"
]
]
}
],
"word": "calcifier"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "to decalcify",
"translation": "to decalcify",
"word": "décalcifier"
},
{
"word": "recalcifier"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":af",
"3": "calcium",
"4": "-ifier"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"do\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰeh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-fakāō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ficō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-ifier\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"calcifier\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"calcifier\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "calcium",
"3": "-ifier"
},
"expansion": "calcium + -ifier",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From calcium + -ifier.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fr-conj-auto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifier",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifiant",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fjɑ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ayant + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifié",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifie",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fi/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifies",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fi/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifie",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fi/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifions",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifiez",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifient",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fi/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifiais",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fjɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifiais",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fjɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifiait",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fjɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifiions",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fi.jɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifiiez",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fi.je/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifiaient",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fjɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifiai",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifias",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fja/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifia",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fja/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifiâmes",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fjam/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifiâtes",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fjat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifièrent",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fjɛʁ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifierai",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fi.ʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifieras",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fi.ʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifiera",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fi.ʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifierons",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fi.ʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifierez",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fi.ʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifieront",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fi.ʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifierais",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fi.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifierais",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fi.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifierait",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fi.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifierions",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fi.ʁjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifieriez",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fi.ʁje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifieraient",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fi.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifie",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fi/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifies",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fi/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifie",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fi/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifiions",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fi.jɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifiiez",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fi.je/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifient",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fi/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifiasse",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fjas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifiasses",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fjas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifiât",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fja/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifiassions",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fja.sjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifiassiez",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fja.sje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifiassent",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fjas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifie",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fi/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifions",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calcifiez",
"ipa": "/kal.si.fje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "calcifier",
"name": "fr-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fr-conj-auto"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French entries referencing missing etymons",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French first group verbs",
"French lemmas",
"French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
"French terms suffixed with -ifier",
"French verbs",
"French verbs with conjugation -er",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to calcify"
],
"links": [
[
"calcify",
"calcify"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-calcifier.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-calcifier.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-calcifier.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-calcifier.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-calcifier.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Lyon"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-calcifier.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-calcifier.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-calcifier.wav.mp3",
"note": "Somain",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-calcifier.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-calcifier.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
}
],
"word": "calcifier"
}
Download raw JSONL data for calcifier meaning in All languages combined (15.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (ade7ec3 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.